Internal-combustion engine working with auxiliary pump cylinders



Nov. 9, 1926. 1,606,591

F. MULLER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WORKING WITH AUXILIARY PUMPCYLINDERS Filed August 13, 1921 flz'edrzbiz Milerf Patented Nov. 9,1926.

UNITED STATES 1,606,591 PATENT OFFICE.

FRIEDRICH M'U'LLER, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE WORKING WITH AUXILIARY PUMP GYLINDERS.

Application filed August 13, 1921, Serial No. 492,195, and in AustriaNovember 14, 19 16.

(GRANTED UNDER. THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921, 41. STAT. L,1313.)

The deaxializing of the working and auxiliary pump cylinders'of internalcombustion engines has already been proposed. The advantages of such adisplacement of the cylinder resi'de both in the reduction of thelateral forces due to ,the stresses in the sliding path of the pistons,by which means the frictional losses 'ofthe pistons and the forcesreacting on the foundations, chassis and. the like are reduced, and inthe prevention of the premature wear of the sliding surfaces of thecylinders, as the wear is distributed more uniformly to both sides ofthe cylinders.

The object of the invention is to balance entirely or at least partiallythe lateral stresses on the pistons 1n groups of working and auxiliarycylinders associated together, and the tilting movements caused incertain cases by the lateral stresses, the lateral stresses to bebalanced being reduced by d-eaxializing the cylinders. According to theinvention this is effected by the working, and auxiliary pump cylinders,which are mounted preferabl parallel to one another, being also dispaced in opposite directions to each other, the working cylinders beingdeaxialized in the direction of rotation of the crank shaft and theauxiliary cylinders in the opposite direction to that of rotation andthe operating members (cranks and the lik? of the cylinders beingrelatively displace so that the lateral maximum stresses on the cylinderwalls acting in opposition to each other in each group, consisting ofworking and auxiliary pump cylmders, occur simultaneously orapproximately so, and are thereby wholly or at least partially balanced.In the solution of this problem use is made of the well-known deaxilizinnot only for the well-known'object of reducing the lateral stresses, butalso for the object of acting on the various cylinders of one group insuch a manner that they are effective at the same time to a proximatelythe same extent in opposite irections. The balance is all the moreeffective the greater the relative deaxial distance of the workin andauxiliary pump cylinders. By disp acing the operating members for thecylinders or for the pistons of the cylinders so that the operatingmembers of the working cylinders are in advance of the operating'membersof the auxiliary pump cylinders by such an amount that the combustionstroke in the working cylinder corresponds approximately to'thecompression stroke in the auxiliary pump cylinder, an almost perfectbalance of the lateral maximum stresses can be obtained. Aconstructional advantage of the arrange-j ment (according to theinvention resides in the fact that, owing to the displacement of thecylinders, the length of the engine can be made shorter. The amount ofdeaxialization ado ted may be different, but will preferably e dependenton the load on the pistons pumps, irrespective of the purpose for whichthey are to be used. The arrangement according to the invention isspecially suitable for auxiliary pump for instance, like inject1on aircompressors and fuel pumps, work at higher pressures than the maincylinders.

The accompanying drawingshows as a constructional example of theinvention an engine having a scavenging pump, an injection aircompressor and a fuel pump with parallel cylinders.

Figure 1 showing the engine in longitudinal section,

Figure 2 in plan,

Figure 3 in a section through the cylinder of the scavenging pump,

Figure 4 in a section through the working cylinder, with the fuel umpand Figure 5 a section t rough the injection air compressor.

a is the working cylinder, b the scavengcylinders, which,

ing pump cylinder, 0 the injection air compressor and d the fuel pump.All the cylinders forming a group are mounted on the crank casing e andthe pistons f, g, h all are operated by the crank shaft 2', with theex.- ception of'the fuel pump piston k, which is driven by the controlshaft m by means of a cam Z. The amount of displacement of the variouscylinders with respect tothe centre of the shaft is shown both in Fig. 2and in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. Thus, the working cylinder a is offset from theaxis of the crank. shaft in such a direction asto reduce the lateralpiston force on the working or expansion stroke, while the compressorand pump cylinders b and a are displaced in the opposite direction, toreduce the lateral piston force on the com ression stroke, thus in eachcase reducing t e maximum lateral force. The cranks of the various unitsalso are displaced one from the other to such a position that thelateral piston force in each unit reaches a maximum at the same time.So, when the engine reaches the crank position shown in the drawings,each of the pistons delivers its maximum side thrust to the walls of itscylinder while each i ston simultaneously delivers its maxlmum ownwardthrust to the crank shaft.

Hence the downward thrust upon the crank shaft reaches its. highestpossible value which is the sum of the maximum values in each unit,while at the same time each piston delivers its maximum lateral thrust.

.The invention thus is the application of two principles to an internalcombustion engine of the type shown. The first principle, offsettingthecylinders from the axis of the crank shaft to reduce the maximumlateral thrust in each unit; the second principle, angularly displacingthe cranks of each unit so that all of the piston forces reach a maximumat exactly the same instant. V

Patent claims- 1. In internal combustion engines, a

iary' pumps, the axes of the cooperating working cylinder and auxiliarypumps being arranged on opposite sides of the axis of said power shaft,and operating cranks for the working cylinder and the auxiliary pumps,said cranks being displaced with respect to each other to produceapproximate balancing of the lateral piston stresses.

2. In internal combustion engines, a power shaft, a working cylinder,auxiliary pumps cooperating with the working cylinder, the axes of thesaid working cylinder and the auxiliary pumps being arranged ondifferent sides of the shaft axis, operating cranks for the workingcylinder and the auxiliary pumps, said operating crank of '30 powershaft, a working cylinder, and auxilthe working cylinder being displacedin ad- Vance with respect to the operating cranks of the auxiliarypumps.

Vienna, Austria, July 14, 1921.

\ FRIEDRICH MI'JLLEB.

